The purpose of the study is to form ideas about the intellectual firm within the framework of the system-integration theory of the firm, created by the Russian economic school, as well as to identify the differences between this type of firm and the classical firm. The need for such a formulation of the problem is associated with the expansion of the use of intelligence as a factor and product of firms' activities, the development of the “knowledge economy”. The research methodology is the theory of the firm in various versions, methods of taxonomy, comparative and structural analysis, modeling of economic relations. The application of these approaches made it possible to designate an intellectual firm, highlighting its characteristics that distinguish it from a classical firm. A structural analysis of the firm's intelligence is also carried out, presented in the form of three relevant components – ​accumulated, newly created intelligence and the use of intelligence as a separate intellectual activity. The result of the research is the main imperatives of the theory of an intellectual firm, the obtained analytical condition for generating the intelligence of a firm with an increase in its welfare, as well as the formulated principles of managing an intellectual firm. The highlighted characteristics of an intellectual firm demonstrate its cardinal difference from a classical firm, which cannot but be reflected in further theoretical studies. Proceeding from this position, the tasks of prospective studies of the functioning and development, as well as the influence on various spheres of the economy of the intellectual firm, are formulated. Examples of intellectual firms in Russia and abroad are given, highlighting the characteristic properties of their functioning, associated with self-management, participatory features of functioning, depending on the intellectual capabilities of employees.

As part of theoretical study, a simple mathematical model of economic growth is developed by combining alternative methodological traditions. This article was prepared to put forward a new approach to the growth theory and to provide the scientific community with more information about the fundamental problems of economic dynamics. The main part of the study involves a multi-step analysis of the subject. The first step is building a discrete-time constant-rate growth model in the form of a functional dependence of the output rate on the labour stock growth for invariable technology. The growth function also includes the influence of behavioural factors – ​intertemporal preferences and the entrepreneur-employee consumption ratio. Macro- and microeconomic formulas are used to demonstrate how the deviation of the actual behavioural variable values from the formal optimum leads to disequilibrium growth. The second step is the microeconomic rationale for growth. Here, the author creates an effective entrepreneurship model for determining the optimal number of entrepreneurs at the intersection of the descending profit rate curve and the horizontal interest rate graphic. The third step involves theoretical modelling of the output dynamics along a changing trajectory. Two abstract examples of a changing growth trajectory are given: one due to changes in the labour stock, and the other – ​labour productivity. The transition to a new equilibrium trajectory (switching path) is accompanied by exogenous shocks – ​excess output and (or) underemployment. Economic shocks on the growth trajectory are associated with the force of habit in entrepreneurs’ behaviour, which slows down the adaptation of intertemporal consumption preferences to unexpected changes in resource constraints in a growing economy. The author suggests combining the growth theory with the business fluctuations theory and considering dynamic disequilibrium as a phenomenon of a related economic research field.

We propose a mathematical model describing the decrease in the market value of machines (depreciation) with age in a situation where its service life is random and has a Weibull distribution. We measure the depreciation of a used machinery item using a goodness factor, that is, the ratio of its value to the value of a similar new machinery item. The model is based on the principle of anticipation of benefits adopted in the valuation theory and the discounting cash flows method. The model takes into account that machine’s technical and economic characteristics deteriorate with age and its benefits are reduced according to the hyperbolic dependence adopted in the system of national accounts SNA‑2008. We have built the dependences of average machine's goodness factor on its relative age (the ratio of the actual age to the average service life). Calculations show that the discount rate and average service life have little effect on these dependencies. This made it possible to divide the machines into three categories and propose for each of them its own dependence of the goodness factor on the relative age, which is convenient for practical use in appraisal activities.

Improving the management of social and economic development is now a pressing issue. First of all, the strategic component attracts attention, the importance of which is particularly increased in connection with the objectives of the implementation of national projects, which should have a significant impact on the achievement of key social development goals. The institutional aspect is an important part of the process of improving strategic governance. This is because such basic strategic management elements as targeting and identifying problems, as well as developing (adoption) of a solution, are heavily influenced by institutional factors. The methodological grounds are formed by the important principles and categories of general system theory (ES) of: social and economic development (SDS), structuring of the socio-economic system (SES), targeting, analysis of problems in the development of SES, the system of management of these processes. This work is addressed to researchers specializing in strategy analysis, planning processes and management of social and economic development strategies.

The possibilities of minimizing the negative impact on food security of the likely changes in the external conditions of agricultural production, which are not eliminated by the efforts of enterprises, are discussed. Attention is drawn to the increasing decline in agriculturally suitable land, especially land with high rental potential – ​near cities and accessible transport routes. Negative for food security may be in foreign trade geopolitical changes, unfavorable for the economy as a whole, and for the consumer market. Known climatic anomalies, the danger of pandemics and epidemics are among the most adverse factors. As an effective direction of agricultural policy, the state considers possible options to help enterprises to acquire and develop high-performance new technologies in crop and livestock production, financing the expansion of sought-after agricultural land. These measures are considered in addition to the current practice of supporting low-profit farms.

The article examines the objectively existing in modern conditions of economic agents' activity the need to introduce and apply approaches based on the use of quality management methods in internal corporate management. The authors noted that one of the global trends of the XXI century. Is the structural transformation of the world economy associated with the active development and implementation of information and telecommunication (digital) technologies in the real economic processes of both society and business. The authors assess the approach widespread in Russia based on quality management methods in the formation of control systems for the activities of economic agents of the national economy in the context of digital transformation in order to ensure their sustainable development; the analysis of the formation of promising directions for the development of communities, declared by UNESCO, in conditions of instability, complexity and uncertainty was carried out; the toolkit for digitalization of quality management of the education system is considered, in particular, the use of project-based learning to improve the quality of knowledge obtained and assess the impact on the sustainable development of universities, the education sector in general and economic agents of the national economy, taking into account digitalization and global risks. The authors see further areas of research in modeling risks and assessing their impact on ensuring sustainable development of economic agents, socio-economic processes of the national economy and society as a whole by quality management methods in the context of digitalization of the economy.

This article is an attempt to comprehend the difficulties and propose approaches to eliminate them when analyzing legal documents in the framework of economic and interdisciplinary research. The utmost goal is to seek incorporating advances in computational linguistics and natural language analysis into the discourse of the digital economy in order to develop methods involved in decision-making and strategy development based on the analysis of textual information. In conditions when the amount of information is too large, is constantly updated and / or the area of study is new, the most expedient at the first stage is to obtain the general structure of the entire collection of documents, some kind of semantic compression of information. The practical part contains the development of an approach for the analysis of regulations governing food and nutrition issues, in particular, related to the prevention of the development of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The approach includes the extraction of key information of voluminous texts (keywords and key sentences) based on the TextRank graph algorithm. An important link contributing to cognition is also the visualization of semantic relationships between words within documents. In our opinion, it is the combination of semantic compression and visualization of information as a “close-up” of text documents, as well as the possibility of further detailing by linear reading and analysis, which are the most relevant approach in conditions of information overload and attention deficit. The active introduction of text analytics methods for systems that are not involved in attention markets, which lag significantly behind in the convenience of extracting meaningful information, is especially important. Approaches to improve the understanding of large volumes of regulations will be of significant value to researchers in economic, legal or multidisciplinary research.

The problems associated with existing regulatory initiatives that are meant to eliminate opaque market and with the clearing of over-the-counter derivative instruments. Comprehensively examination of the key similarities and differences between US and EU approaches to regulating the OTC derivatives market. For the study, we used the methods of logical analysis, theoretical generalization and systematization. The main difference between these approaches is the restrictions on commercial banking trade with the separation of derivative trading operations, with the rules of ownership and the establishment of mandatory requirements for exchange trade by central counterparties, as well as with commercial banking. The main similarity is the obligatory clearing of standardized contracts, the scope of derivatives, clearing for consumers and reporting on cleared and uncleaned derivative transactions by almost all financial counterparties. Cross-border clearing is facilitated by two approaches used in the US and the EU, where the legal culture differs from each other. Summing up, we can note that the greatest flexibility in dealing with unforeseen consequences for the regulator is provided by the US approach. At this stage, we have considered an institutional description of the differences and similarities between these approaches to regulating OTC derivatives in order to ensure trade transparency and greater stability.

The article provides a review of a book by S. D. Bodrunov “Noonomics: the Trajectory of Global Transformation”, which is constructed in the form of a summary of the main ideas developed in the theory of noonomics – ​a noneconomic method of economic activity focused on meeting specific human needs based on the criteria of reasonableness determined by the development of knowledge and culture. The article presents the position of the author of the book, who singled out eight steps towards the development of the human community to noonomics through the new industrial society of the second generation (NIS.2). It is shown that the theory of noonomics developed by the author of the book offers a scientific basis for resolving the contradictions of modern human civilization. It is emphasized that technological transformations are determinable to shape the future of human civilization. Critical reviews of the proposed concept are considered.