The paper considers the retrospective economic dynamics of natural resources consumption in Russia in terms of two interrelated criteria indicators of social and economic development in the conditions of economic stagnation. A construction of the institute of rent relations between the subject-owner (the state) of the natural resource fund and the subject-users of natural resources within the system of functioning of regulated natural resource market is defined. The principles and the organization of estimating the cost of natural objects’ using rights are formulated.

The author examines the system approach towards economy and corporation. The specific features of Russian corporations and innovations are analyzed. The author examines the problems and contradictions of intra-corporate relations in Russian corporations.

The knowledge production function displays the relationship between the firm’s innovative efforts and their results obtained in the form of useful knowledge. Analysis of the function provides a better understanding of the firm innovation activity for a more effective management of corporate resources. The current paper presents an overview of significant studies on this topic. The paper briefly describes the evolution of approaches to the knowledge production function analysis, choice of variables for measuring the innovation input and output and methods of econometric modeling of the function.

The paper is focused on the issues of analysis of prerequisites and conditions of forming the innovation-oriented cluster structures. The external economic challenges connected with the necessity of transition to the innovative way of development of our country and the emerging tasks of state regulation of the economy. The implication that one of the conditions of ensuring technological security is forming the innovation-oriented cluster systems (IOCS). The systemic concept of IOCS, prerequisites and factors, as well as the elements of strategy of forming it, are analyzed.

The main reasons for the start of a new crisis in Russia are considered. It is shown, including the example of the Electric Locomotive complex, that only on the basis of modern, vertically integrated corporations the revival and development of the industry and the output of domestic economy to the stage of sustainable and dynamic development are possible. Some specific suggestions are given.

Every business owner, if he is not the head of a company, faces the key managerial task - to find the right top-manager who will efficiently administer the company’s assets. The article shows that the productivity of the hired CEO (Chief Executive Officer) depends on two basic candidate’s qualities: level of proficiency and loyalty. A model description of the introduced relation is proposed. The author introduces a concept of the indifference curve of the manager’s efficiency and illustrates the requirements of different kinds of owners to the productivity curve for the vacant executive position. A selection algorithm to choose the candidates for the position of top-manager and an example how it works are proposed.

The dual labour market and its characteristics have been extensively studied in Russia, but mostly at the enterprise level. Its analysis through economic activities (industries) is equally important. Using the statistics of Rosstat the segments of this market have been defined, revealing that its structure is more complex than the division into primary and secondary markets. The industrial structure of these segments has confirmed that their ranking is determined by the qualitative heterogenity of the labour force caused by the lack of high quality manpower (which is represented only by a third of working population). In order to improve the quality and increase the homogenity, it is proven that the industries need targeted investing support in human and physical capital.

Actuarial analysis of the pension age problem revealed that social perceptions of the linear relation between the pension age and demographic parameters cannot be concerned as an instrument regulating efficiency of pension system development. The fulfillment of the macroeconomic conditions is required for that. The paper analyzes the results of the demographic social-labor preconditions for increasing the pension age in Russia. The statistical information forms the basis of the research findings. As a conclusion, the author gives practical suggestions to remedy the negative socio-economic consequences of the pension reform implementation.

The method of dividing common expenditures for water project, which is proportional to the volumes of water, assigned for each participant of the project, it can’t be applied to the participants having no relation to the water (for example, the railroad (or the railways) put along the dam comb). Other methods for distributing total costs are based on different indices of participants’ benefits, such as: 1) the absolute efficiency attained by each participant and 2) the relative efficiency attained by each participant and resulted from the fact that a part of total costs is taken by other participants. The author suggests applying the first index to the so-called strong participants, while applying the second one to the so-called weak participants. He pays attention to the problem of dividing common and particular expenditures of different participants.

The paper considers the important issues of modelling the ecological and economic system for the case-study of the Republic of Armenia (RA). The simulation model of the ecological and economic system based on the methods of agent-based modelling and the system-dynamics, which allowed designing the Ecological Map of RA, are created. The important purpose of the suggested approach is to seek scenarios of modernizing the enterprises’, being the main sources of the air pollution with simultaneous determining the effective strategy of the government regulation. The bi-criteria optimization problem of parameters of the ecological and economic system was formulated and solved for the case-study of RA.

The possibility of changes in Russia’s economic development strategy. The goal - to overcome the stagnation in the economy and apathy in society. To do so, strongly increase the income and the amount of investments with the help of reserves - sverhdostatochnyh international reserves, changes in the tax base, improve the political climate, ratification of item. 20 and 31 of the UN Convention against Corruption. The historical experience of Russia and other countries said about the decisive role of the consumer market to overcome the systemic crisis.