Although the term “balance” as like as provided terms “balance of interests”, “balance of accounts”, “balanced model” are used in lexicon of professional economists for more than one hundred years they still have no exact and well-known definitions. The most popular definitions of “balance” provided with the term “equilibrium” cannot be criticized, because each system after reaching equilibrium stops its development and may die. However, the sphere of practical using of balanced methods becomes wider. In last 10–15 years the term “balance” became widely used in system economic theory for solid base of natural and organic development of the economic systems on all the length of life cycle. In this connection there is great necessity to identify this term from the one side and establish its quantitative measurements, on the other side. In the present article we’d like to bring our personal deposit to decision these problems. According to natural disequilibrium of the economic systems, we approach logically held scientific definition of «balance» as well as original approach to accounting the index of system balance. For this aim we create the system model of an individual person as a straight participant of the economic relations. We also provide its organic including to general model of economic activities winch belong to the explored economical subject. On the base of symbiosis integrating system economic theory and changes management theory of Ishak Adizes we synthesize the algorithmic scheme of accounting system balanced index of management team for the explored system. Differently from the present schemes may be used on the nano level of modern economy which is provided with straight participants of the economic relations.

Intellectuals have been predicting a near historical turning point, a sharp change in the entire world life since the beginning of the XXI century, often linking it with the end of capitalism. During the era of capitalism, processes took place that made modern society and the economy fundamentally different from the usual picture of the capitalist structure of society. This familiar picture emerges in the theories of mainstream economics, i.e. in the theories of neoclassics. The need for security and the need to identify oneself with a large stable community and its value-sense attitude came to the fore. Political and ideological factors become no less significant engines of history than financial and industrial ones. As the main factor demonstrating the difference between one socio-economic formation and another, it is proposed to use the method of realizing the power of the ruling class (stratum), the way it affects society. Under capitalism, this factor is realized through the accumulation of capital provided by private property rights and free market rules. With the monopolization of control over the media and social networks, the creation of a network of “think tanks” and the development of information and psychological technologies among the ruling elite of Western countries, along with the main capitalist way of realizing power, a “new” way appeared and became comparable to it in importance – ​the impact on consciousness, priorities and behavior (in particular, and direct impact) both large populations and organized communities. This method can become dominant for the post-capitalist formation. The sense attitudes and institutional mechanisms of capitalism will not disappear, but they will cease to be dominant. For the coming decades, the main contradiction of the historical process remains the confrontation of civilizations. An important factor is the strengthening of the second, invisible, “shadow” center of power (except for official states). The advantage of Russia and China is to consolidate in the “code of civilization” the idea of the state as a representative of the people, responsible for the fate of the people as a whole and each member of society.

Agricultural production is more affected by the increasing changes in the planet's climate than industrial sectors. To this are added global economic and geopolitical aggravations affecting agro-industrial production. The article presents the results of a study of changes in the use of natural resources in agriculture in Russia and, in this regard, an analysis of possible directions in the implementation of the national economic program of food security. The solution of this problem is closely connected with the need to reform the practice of providing state assistance to agricultural enterprises in the near future. The essence of the necessary changes is that additional financial incentives should be provided for farms that adhere to socially useful areas of activity – ​the use of high-performance modern production technologies, its greening, lowering product sales prices, increasing its supplies to domestic and foreign markets. The article also examines the possibility of expanding the use of land, water and biological resources in connection with solving the problem of food security. One of the possible schemes for managing the agro-industrial complex at the national economic level is shown, taking into account the negative impact on its development of external factors due to globalization natural and economic changes.

The article examines the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic on Russian enterprises and regions. As the analysis of world experience and theoretical approaches formulated by the foreign and Russian researchers shows: the difference in development levels and structural features of regional economies are predetermined by natural and climatic conditions, demographic trends, the degree of development of all types of infrastructure, institutional features, etc. National spatial policy also directly affects regional features. However, the use of even the most meaningful theoretical constructions for the practical analysis of the spatial development processes faces an acute shortage of statistical information. In this regard, it was decided to use the results of sociological surveys, including questionnaire surveys of enterprises. Comparison of information from questionnaire surveys conducted at the national level with data from surveys conducted in individual regions makes it possible to identify local features of various economic events and processes. For this purpose, two surveys were conducted using the same questionnaire. One of the surveys was conducted within the framework of the all-Russian sample, the other – ​within the framework of a sample of enterprises representing the Vologda Oblast. An analysis and comparison of the results of the two surveys shows that the differences in the proportions of responses are greater in cases where the situation is strongly influenced by the structural features of the regional economy. When it comes to processes and trends that are typical for the whole of Russia, the magnitude of deviations is less significant or even minimal. The data of two surveys conducted confirm that the unevenness of territorial development is very clearly reflected in the assessments of enterprises. It is obvious that the uneven territorial development and regional characteristics can quite strongly influence the activities of specific enterprises, creating both additional advantages and additional problems.

The uncontrolled growth of large cities leads to environmental degradation. A decrease in the quality of life and a negative reaction of the population to the changes take place. The externality theory is chosen by the authors as a methodological approach to explore urban conflicts, since it allows identifying and assessing the real economic costs of decisions made by city authorities. Comparison of the provisions of the concept of sustainable urbanism and the actual state of Moscow allowed the authors to draw a conclusion about the anti-sustainable development trend of this city. Sustainable urbanism sees a high quality urban environment characterized by ecological and social health as the main feature of a modern city. Moscow does not comply with these principles, which is proved by numerous conflicts with residents. The tools for urban planning optimization are proposed. The fair concession method and the formation of a true utility function are proposed as objective criteria in the process of urban planning. That allows us to prevent and / or resolve some types of urban conflicts.

Saving the people is a natural strategy for an extinction country. It is characterized by an increase (decrease) in the population – ​the scale of the saving the people and life expectancy for newborns (LE) – ​the quality of saving the people. Three ideas determine the intent of the article. The first is the need for an experiment to evaluate various measures for the revival of natural population growth on the example of a small number of cities. It is extremely important to simultaneously check the options for such measures in order to select the best one. The second is the need to prevent another imminent stop in the growth of life expectancy. The stagnation of the life expectancy dynamics in 1960–1980, observed in the world, only in the USSR and the former socialist countries led to a change in the social system – ​governance reform is designed to eliminate the tendency of life expectancy to stagnation. The third idea is to treat entrepreneurs as breadwinners. Using the data of 94 countries for 2019 as an example, a relationship between life expectancy and the factors determining was revealed: GDP per capita at purchasing power parity of currencies (material factor of life expectancy) with eight country ratings – ​non-material factors of life expectancy. It is shown that GDP per capita and the rule of law rating best explain the differences between countries in terms of life expectancy. The success of the reforms is associated with the share of economically independent citizens in the electorate, which is declining in Russia. The inevitable decline in revenues from the export of hydrocarbons requires their replacement by the export of other goods. However, such products have yet to be created, which requires a significant increase in the number of entrepreneurs involved.

The purpose of this study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the Category Management and Category Captainship, to conduct comparative analyses of them and determine the princeple differences. Within the research purpose were solved the following tasks: to reveal the essence of Category Management and Category Captainship; to describe the main stages of Category Management development; to identify and substantiate the advantages and disadvantages of investigated approaches; to conduct the comparative analyses of Category Management and Category Captainship. Based on the received results we summarize, describe the main obstacles and formulate the recommendations for retailers by the decision making about the approach choosing. Finally, we define the future research destination in this area. The article discusses the essence of Category Management and the stages of its development considering current trends in the market and in the customer behavior. Based on the existing literature analyses we identify the main factors that influence the Category Management transformation from CatMan 1.0 to CatMan 3.0 this work identifies existing advantages and disadvantages of Category Management for all participants in the customer value chain. Further we reveal the essence and main features of Category Captainship, its advantages and disadvantages. Finally we conduct comparative analyses of the investigated approaches, define the main defferences of them and formulate their limitations and obstracles. This study let to formulate the recomendations for retailers that they could use by the decision making about the approach choosing. Finally were defined the future destinations of the researches in this area.

The article considers the review of publications in the journal “Finance and Business” for 2020 and 2021. The main attention is paid to the developments of methodological nature aimed at building models for financial management, at improving the methods of doing business in modern economic conditions, at the evolutionary development of economic theory, changing the traditional view of the role of financial management and the prospects of economic development. When studying the dynamics of economic processes, their modeling and forecasting, statistical and econometric approaches can be widely used, the correct interpretation of which in business is of special interest, because it evaluates financial stability of companies and probability of bankruptcy, which is reflected in the review of articles under consideration. In the same respect itмитьбю.,юбьтимвыф  ти мс8098765кенгь is of interest to model the probability of corporate default based on forecasted dynamics of financial statements indicators. At the macro level the financial resources of the country largely depend on the formation of tax revenues. Possibilities of their forecasting increase the assessment of the potential of tax revenues and, accordingly, clarify the real possibilities of growth of financial resources in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. Therefore, the review considered this direction of research in relation to the problems of personal income tax collection with the use of ARIMA-models. Modern management of the financial sphere implies the improvement of the information base. This largely applies to the development of accounting and auditing, the adaptation of IFRS in Russia and requires the development of new approaches to the organization of accounting. Digitalization in the economy changes the technology of information base formation, which is reflected in several articles published in the journal “Finance and Business”. The articles under consideration contain a detailed list of literary sources, which is of significant interest to readers wishing to delve deeper into the problem under study.