This paper presents new research results in the field of switching reproduction theory and related mathematical models, which have been conducted at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2011. The peculiarity of the switching mode of reproduction models is that they explicitly model the interaction of the financial and real sectors of the economy, and the country’s economy itself is not disaggregated by industry (mechanical engineering, agriculture, services, etc.), but by time, when the object of research is production subsystems that differ from each other in the age of fixed capital. One of the mathematical difficulties of working with such models is the difficulty of obtaining analytical dependencies. This paper shows that for a special case of balanced economic growth in the long term and a continuous set of production subsystems, it is possible to obtain analytical expressions that allow a better understanding of the impact of monetary policy on economic dynamics in the long term. The main result is that the long-term “GDP rate/inflation” relationship significantly depends on how the emission flows are distributed between the investment and consumer circuits of monetary circulation. Monetary authorities should actively participate in this distribution. In this regard, the issue of a new approach to the problem of the key interest rate is being raised, namely, to strengthen its impact on the long-term aspects of monetary policy. The authors propose to divide the single key rate into two components: the investment rate, which is to be used in the case of lending to investments in fixed assets and affects the long-term expectations of investors, and the non-investment rate (for milestones in other situations). If we leave aside the experience of the USSR, where there were several bets of this kind, the proposed idea is of a pioneering nature. It needs to be discussed. So far, one thing is obvious: the current practice of managing a single key rate is ineffective. This practice needs to be changed.

The purpose of the paper – ​to demonstrate the importance of a transdisciplinary approach based on probabilistic and cenological theories in identifying the potential of quantum technologies (computers, calculations, communications, sensing, etc.) in the realities of an information-­network society for the formation of tools for sustainable economic development. The (techno)cenological approach used in science, string theory, the convergent model of nano-, bio-, info-, cogno- and social technologies (NBICS technologies), the quantum model of D. Bohm, and the holistic (integral) approach are selected. In the means of methodology and logics of scientific research as a component of modern scientific knowledge the transdisciplinary approach is used, which makes possible to show the importance of quantum technologies (quantum computers, etc.) in achieving sustainable development of regional communities. Based on scientific synthesis, the role of the transdisciplinary approach as a methodological and logical source of the invariant of “stability” (“sustainability”), which is recognized as functionality of most processes in the world, including socio-­natural reality, was proved. This necessitates the development of a different probabilistic view of reality and topological technologies, including tools, technologies, and principles that quantum representation provides through the possibility of proactively preserving complexity. The stability invariant studied from the position of a transdisciplinary approach allows us to identify the significance of the theory of quantum systems in modeling social, economic, cultural and other processes that primarily influence the emerging new productive forces of society in the context of cenological theory, which entails the emergence of a qualitatively different society.

The main leitmotiv of the present article is to answer the question, how to give these systematic abilities to young people who graduate the national universities today. The actual aim of the present article is more specific. It is provided with answering this question in the case of the students of humanitarian educational branches. Because in their educational plans the disciplines provided with system area have very little representation. In order to reach the formulated aim in the present article we offer the decisions of the following tasks. Dentifying the gist of social cultural systems as a problem area for the professional activities of the humanitarian specialists, finding these systems’ specifics which make difficulties for using system analyze in them. Creating detailed algorithmized scheme of using system researches in the studied problem area in order to provide actual topical content for the discipline named “System analyze” for the humanitarian branches. Exploring the modeling base of the system analyzes procedures (in connection with the algorithmized scheme described earlier), making the list of modeling actives (or the kinds of models) used in this process.

The paper proposes a methodological approach to improving the state economic policy in the context of modern global changes on the basis of its system modeling. The article analyzes the state of the modern economy of Russia in the context of the dynamics of indicators – ​GDP, industrial production index, accounts payable and receivables of organizations, consumer price index and employment level state economic policy of foreign countries and the main trends in the activities of the governments of these countries in the field of economy are highlighted. A set of elements of state economic policy is substantiated: The Constitution of Russia, state institutions, state policy of interaction between sectors of the economy, state policy of interregional cooperation, state policy of interaction of economic entities, economic activity and economic course of Russia development. The structural organization of the state economic policy of Russia has been formed, the application of which contributes to economic efficiency throughout the country, sustainable economic balance and stability. The theoretical significance of the results obtained lies in the substantiation of the procedure for system modeling of the structural organization of the state economic policy using modern scientific and methodological approaches, which makes it possible to ensure the comprehensive nature of the management decisions made and the creation of favorable conditions for the sustainable economic development of Russia. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the development of scientific and practical recommendations for improving the state economic policy in the context of increasing global instability. They represent the methodological basis for improving the state management of the economy and can be used in the formation of state economic policy, the development and improvement of legislative acts regulating the economic development of Russia.

The article reveals the impact of Chinese direct investment on the economic dynamics of Russia’s regions. The main indicators of Chinese direct investment in the Russian economy in the sectoral and regional context are considered, the periodization of Russian-­Chinese investment cooperation is given with the identification of the main trends in investment dynamics, the main methods of Chinese direct investment are identified. Since the impact of Chinese direct investment on economic macro variables has not been thoroughly studied, the aim of the study is to build an econometric model to test the hypothesis of a positive impact of Chinese direct investment on the Russian gross regional product (both variables are calculated per employee). Panel data for 51 federal subjects from eight federal districts of Russia for the period from 2015 to 2022 were analyzed using a fixed-­effects model. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the gross regional product, which confirms the hypothesis put forward. Chinese direct investment is having an impact on the Russian economy combined with an increase in gross capital accumulation, an increase in the share of highly skilled labor, an increase in government spending and an increase in the level of economic openness of the regions. Thus, the model is applicable to explain the economic growth of Russian regions. Chinese investments contribute to the diversification of the Russian economy, especially in energy, infrastructure and high-tech sectors. The problems of Chinese investments are their limited scale and the discrepancy between the sectoral structure of investments and the needs of the regions. The work contributes to understanding the role of Chinese capital in modernizing the Russian economy and offers practical recommendations for deepening investment cooperation.

In this article the choice of an enterprise strategy is considered from the perspective of assessing the various risks associated with the implementation of each potential strategy option. These risks are reflected by the economic risk factors (ERF) presented in the concept of modeling economic risk management processes developed by scientists from the Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CEMI RAS). The paper proposes an approach to choosing an enterprise strategy based on the analysis of each alternative according to many criteria, each of which reflects the economic risk factor of a certain subsystem using a combination of two multi-­criteria decision-­making methods: gray relation analysis and the TODIM method with the establishment of the significance of each of these criteria, determined by weighting coefficients. At the same time, a new method for calculating weight coefficients based on solving the travelling salesman problem is also proposed to find the shortest path between the values of each criterion by estimating the distances between them determined by their differences. Such a determination of the weights of the evaluated criteria corresponds to the principle of their establishment, which underlies the existing methods of objective determination of weight, based on the determination of the heterogeneity of their values, however, it will allow to more accurately determine this heterogeneity. The practical implementation of the proposed approach will allow enterprises to make a more adequate choice of strategy through a detailed multi-­criteria assessment of each alternative from the perspective of various economic risk factors, carried out using a combination of two multi-­criteria decision-­making methods, as well as a more accurate determination of the significance of each criterion reflecting the economic risk factor in the decision-­making process.

The article is devoted to the development of a customer-­centric management model that transforms the perception of the client from a passive object into a strategic asset and a source of sustainable competitive advantage. The relevance of the study is dictated by the need for theoretical understanding and practical implementation of customer-­centric approaches that allow organizations to adapt to rapidly changing market demands, increase loyalty and maximize customer value. The authors critically comprehend traditional transactional approaches based on standardization and the principle of “client is always right,” which lead to a decrease in staff efficiency and an increase in the number of “toxic” consumers. As an alternative, a relational model is proposed based on the generation of “customer value,” operationalized through loyalty, engagement, recommendation readiness and consumer activism. Scientific novelty lies in the synthesis of theories of behavioral economics, psychology of motivation and management (Bass’s transformational leadership) to create a comprehensive customer-­centric model that takes into account the unique socio-­economic, technological and behavioral features of the modern stage of transformation of the Russian economy. The model assumes deep organizational changes: revising the role of the leader, introducing employee engagement systems through autonomy and purpose, and institutionalizing feedback using CEM (Customer Journey Mapping, VoC) tools. Particular attention is paid to adapting the model to the digital environment and working with the phenomenon of “introvert client” in the context of the digital economy. It is concluded that successful implementation of the model requires cultural adaptation and abandonment of universal solutions in favor of flexibility and a person-­centered approach. The development of the model takes into account the instability of the external environment. Of particular value is the fact that, unlike classical static models, the proposed model has the ability to quickly rebuild processes, value propositions and communication channels in response to macrosocial changes.

The article is devoted to the current situation in the economy of Azerbaijan, as well as global trends. Based on the selected priorities, prospects for economic growth and development were determined, and volatility in the country’s economic development was analyzed. The article identifies the reasons for the slowdown in economic growth, which reveal the feasibility of carrying out a structural transformation, since a non-diversified economy is subject to the risks of unsustainable development and unsustainable economic growth. Structural problems of the economy, its growth and development should be central to the development of economic policies in order to stimulate growth and development. This contributes to the transition to a new growth model, solving the problems of uncompetitive industries and markets. Economic diversification leads to the emergence of new types of activities in new markets and new industries, that is economic diversification is facilitated by increased competitiveness, innovation, effectiveness and efficiency. Directions are also proposed to help reduce the impact of structural problems on the economic growth and development of the country.

The 19th and early 20th centuries had a great impact on the transformation of the world economy. Foreign economic activity was a driver of the “catching-up modernization” process. The study is based on the author’s classification of the countries by “catching-up modernization”. Special attention is paid to the rating of the leading exporting and importing countries in the early 20th century. It was revealed that almost half of them belong to the countries of “catching-up modernization”. The countries of “catching-up modernization” were among the top‑5 largest foreign trade partners for each other. The countries of the “catching-up modernization” of the Pacific basin influenced the reorientation of global foreign trade flows. The analysis of colonies and dependent countries’ economy revealed their use for foreign trade activities’ expansion. This trade accelerated the modernization processes. The success of the countries of “catching-up modernization” is associated with a change in their place in the global division of labor. The development of foreign economic activity is important for achieving national priorities. The close foreign economic relations of the countries of the “catching-up modernization” are revealed. Their active participation in the global division of labor is noted.