ecr-journalЭкономическая наука современной РоссииEconomics of Contemporary Russia1609-14422618-8996Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.33293/1609-1442-2024-2(105)-83-100PIBWNIecr-journal-960Research ArticleЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ПРАКТИКАECONOMICAL POLICY AND ECONOMICAL PRACTICEВзаимосвязь потребления энергии и ВВП в странах мираThe relationship between energy consumption and GDP in countries of the worldhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4066-3579КорниловаАнна ЮрьевнаKornilovaAnna Yu.

кандидат экономических наук, эксперт

Cand. Sc.(Economics), Expert

pgmcjd@yandex.ru«Meterstartup», МоскваРоссия“Meterstartup”, MoscowRussian Federation2024280720240283100Copyright © Корнилова А.Ю., 20242024Корнилова А.Ю.Kornilova A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/960

В статье анализируется влияние потребления энергии на ВВП в различных регионах и странах мира (Америка, Европа, постсоветское пространство, Ближний Восток, Африка, Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион). Показано, что: 1) между ростом потребления энергии и экономическим развитием при отсутствии внешних эффектов в области энергоэффективности существует прямая линейная причинно-следственная связь; 2) внешние факторы, способствующие повышению эффективности потребления энергии: институциональная среда и научно-технические достижения в области энергоэффективности; изменение структуры экономики в пользу менее энергоемких отраслей. Для описания взаимосвязи между потреблением энергии и экономическим ростом можно использовать модели, основанные на линейной алгебре, например модель Леонтьева. Потребление энергии в различных секторах экономики может иметь как положительную, так и отрицательную взаимосвязь с экономическим ростом. Сокращение доли промышленности и сельского хозяйства не гарантирует одновременного сокращения потребления энергоресурсов в секторе услуг. Между потреблением энергии в секторе услуг, а также в секторе транспорта и экономическим развитием в различных странах мира существует прямая линейная взаимосвязь. Рост потребления энергии в транспортном секторе, сопровождающий экономическое развитие, в ряде стран связан с ростом благополучия населения. Обратная связь, которую демонстрировали некоторые результаты исследования, свидетельствует не о том, что все исследованные страны более энергоэффективны, а лишь о наличии внешних воздействий, способствующих повышению эффективности потребления энергии. Энергосбережение не является ограничивающим фактором для экономического роста, но оно не возникает в экономической системе без комплекса внешних стимулов в разных секторах экономики.

The article provides analysis of the influence of energy consumption on GDP in various regions and countries of the world (America, Europe, Post-Soviet space, Middle East, Africa, Asia-Pacific region). It is shown that: 1) there is a direct linear causal relationship between the growth of energy consumption and economic development in the absence of external effects in the field of energy efficiency; 2) external factors that contribute to the efficiency of energy consumption – ​institutional environment and scientific and technological achievements in the field of energy efficiency; change of the structure of the economy in favor of less energy-intensive industries. Models based on linear algebra, such as the Leontief model, can be used to describe the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Energy consumption in different sectors of the economy can have both positive and negative relationships with economic growth. A reduction of the share of industry and agriculture does not guarantee a simultaneous decline of energy consumption in the service sector. There is a direct linear relationship between energy consumption in the services sector as well as in the transportation sector and economic development of different countries around the world. Increased energy consumption in the transportation sector which supports economic development is connected with an increase of the well-being of the population in several countries. The inverse relationship shown by some of the study results does not indicate that all countries studied are more energy efficient. This outcome reflects only the presence of external influences that encourage energy efficiency. Energy saving is not a limiting factor for economic growth, but it does not occur in economic system without a set of external incentives in different sectors of economy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.