<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2023-3(102)-89-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NMIDAB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICAL POLICY AND ECONOMICAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратегические дилеммы деятельности западных корпораций в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strategic Dilemmas of Western Corporations in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-0425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурков</surname><given-names>Игорь Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurkov</surname><given-names>Igor B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор-исследователь</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gurkov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-7962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филинов</surname><given-names>Николай Бориович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filinov</surname><given-names>Nikolay B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заслуженный профессор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nfilinov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8721-9723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидов</surname><given-names>Зокиржон Баходурович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidov</surname><given-names>Zokirzhon B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zsaidov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University «Higher School of Economics» Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гурков И.Б., Филинов Н.Б., Саидов З.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гурков И.Б., Филинов Н.Б., Саидов З.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gurkov I.B., Filinov N.B., Saidov Z.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/917">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/917</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены проблемы выбора поведения западных компаний, продолжающих владеть российскими активами. Обозначены основные дилеммы стратегического выбора, стоящих перед данными компаниями: 1) уйти из России либо остаться в России; 2) уйти максимально быстро либо максимально выгодно; 3) если принято решение остаться, то сокращать или расширять бизнес; 4) если принято решение расширять российский бизнес, то делать это с сокращением удельного веса расходов на инновации в валовой прибыли (выручке) российского подразделения либо при увеличении доли расходов на инновации в валовой прибыли (выручке). В статье представлены сложности выбора между данными опциями. Основные сложности заключаются в том, что критерии решений находится в разных плоскостях (политические и экономические факторы), и стандартные количественные методы анализа во многих случаях оказываются неприемлемым, так как нет единой метрики сравнения последствий различных решений. Кроме того, интересы акторов принятия решений крайне разнородны, а скорость изменения обстановки превосходит скорость обычных для международных корпораций процедур принятия решений. Представлены основные модели поведения компаний в условиях высокой неопределенности, разнонаправленного давления различных акторов стратегического процесса и быстро меняющейся политической и экономической обстановки. Сложившиеся в литературе направления анализа поведения компаний в условиях неопределенности были связаны преимущественно с экономическим дискурсами. Ситуация массированных санкций западных стран против России добавила в качестве важных элементов управленческих исследований политические факторы. При этом вне поля зрения большинства авторов остаются поведенческие аспекты принятия решений. Нами предложено использование для анализа ситуации подходов «теории перспектив» Канемана и Тверски, которая помогает находить объяснение наблюдаемым феноменам и выдвигать гипотезы по поводу будущего поведения западных компаний, собирающихся продолжать владеть российскими активами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents the problems of designing the strategies of western companies that continue to own Russian assets, and identifies the main dilemmas of the strategic choice facing these companies: 1) to leave Russia or stay in Russia; 2) to leave as quickly as possible or profitable as possible; 4) if a decision is made to expand the business, then – ​do it with reduction of the share of innovation expenses in the gross profit (revenues) of the Russian division or with an increase of the share of innovation expenses in the gross profit (revenue). The article presents the difficulties of choosing between these options. The main difficulties related to the fact that criteria of decisions are in different domains (political and economic ones) and standard quantitative methods of analysis in many cases turn out to be unacceptable, since there is no single metric for comparing the consequences of decisions. In addition, the interests of decision-making actors are extremely heterogeneous, and the speed of the situation’s change exceeds the speed of decision-making procedures usual for international corporations. The article presents the main types of behavioral models of companies in high uncertainty, multidirectional pressure from various actors of the strategic process and the rapidly changing environment. The trends in the analysis of the behavior of companies under uncertainty that were developed in the literature are mainly associated with economic discourses. Situations of massive sanctions by western countries against Russia introduced political factors into the field of management studies. At the same time, the behavioral aspects of decision-making remain out of sight of most authors. We propose to use Kahneman's and Tversky's «prospect theory» approaches to analyze the situation, which helps to find an explanation for the observed phenomena and put forward hypotheses regarding the future behavior of western companies that are going to continue Russian assets.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международные корпорации</kwd><kwd>выход из зарубежных активов</kwd><kwd>стратегические дилеммы</kwd><kwd>«теория перспектив»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multinational corporations</kwd><kwd>foreign divestments</kwd><kwd>strategic dilemmas</kwd><kwd>«prospect theory»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обзор финансовой стабильности (2023). IV квартал 2022 года – ​I квартал 2023 г. М.: Банк России, 26 мая 2023 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The review of financial stability (2023). 4th quarter of 2022 – 1st quarter of 2023. Moscow: The Bank of Russia (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Association of European Business (2023). Position Paper 2023: Key Issues. Moscow: Association of European Business.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of European Business (2023). Position Paper 2023: Key Issues. Moscow: Association of European Business.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barton R. M., Obel B. (2004). Strategic diagnosis and design. The dynamics of fit. 3rd ed. Dodrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barton R. M., Obel B. (2004). Strategic diagnosis and design. The dynamics of fit. 3rd ed. Dodrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chief Executive Leadership Institute. (2022). Yale CELI list of companies leaving and staying in Russia. Yale School of Management. URL: https://www.yalerussianbusinessretreat.com/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chief Executive Leadership Institute. (2022). Yale CELI list of companies leaving and staying in Russia. Yale School of Management. URL: https://www.yalerussianbusinessretreat.com/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cumming D. (2020). Management scholarship and the Russia-Ukraine war. British Journal of Management, vol. 33, iss. 4, pp. 1663–1667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cumming D. (2020). Management scholarship and the Russia-Ukraine war. British Journal of Management, vol. 33, iss. 4, pp. 1663–1667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeBerge T. (2023). Should we stay or should we go? MNE decisions to withdraw or remain during geopolitical crises. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 2. https://doi.org/10.46697/ 001c.72795</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeBerge T. (2023). Should we stay or should we go? MNE decisions to withdraw or remain during geopolitical crises. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 2. https://doi.org/10.46697/ 001c.72795</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kahneman D., Tversky A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, vol. 47, iss. 2, pp. 263–291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kahneman D., Tversky A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, vol. 47, iss. 2, pp. 263–291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merendino A., Sarens G. (2020). Crisis? What crisis? Exploring the cognitive constraints on boards of directors in times of uncertainty. Journal of Business Research, vol. 118, September, pp. 415–430.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merendino A., Sarens G. (2020). Crisis? What crisis? Exploring the cognitive constraints on boards of directors in times of uncertainty. Journal of Business Research, vol. 118, September, pp. 415–430.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer K., Fang T., Panibratov A. Y., Peng M. W., Gaur A. (2023). International business under sanctions. Journal of World Business, vol. 56, iss., 2, Article 11426. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.72023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer K., Fang T., Panibratov A. Y., Peng M. W., Gaur A. (2023). International business under sanctions. Journal of World Business, vol. 56, iss., 2, Article 11426. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.72023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer K. E., Thein H. H. (2014). Business under adverse home country institutions: The case of international sanctions against Myanmar. Journal of World Business, vol. 49, iss. 1, pp. 156–171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer K. E., Thein H. H. (2014). Business under adverse home country institutions: The case of international sanctions against Myanmar. Journal of World Business, vol. 49, iss. 1, pp. 156–171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer K., Estrin S. (2023). It’s hard to say goodbye: Managing disengagement during political disruptions. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 2. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.72023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer K., Estrin S. (2023). It’s hard to say goodbye: Managing disengagement during political disruptions. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 2. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.72023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mol M. J., Rabbiosi L., Santangelo G. D. (2023). Should I stay or should I go? How Danish MNEs in Russia respond to a geopolitical shift. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.68337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mol M. J., Rabbiosi L., Santangelo G. D. (2023). Should I stay or should I go? How Danish MNEs in Russia respond to a geopolitical shift. AIB Insights, vol. 23, iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.46697/001c.68337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schönbohm A., Zahn A. (2016). Reflective and cognitive perspectives on international capital budgeting // Critical Perspectives on International Business, vol. 12, iss. 2, pp. 167–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schönbohm A., Zahn A. (2016). Reflective and cognitive perspectives on international capital budgeting // Critical Perspectives on International Business, vol. 12, iss. 2, pp. 167–188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soule S. A., Swaminathan A., Tihanyi L. (2014). The diffusion of foreign divestment from Burma. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 35, iss. 7, pp. 1032–1052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soule S. A., Swaminathan A., Tihanyi L. (2014). The diffusion of foreign divestment from Burma. Strategic Management Journal, vol. 35, iss. 7, pp. 1032–1052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thaler R. H., Sunstain С. (2009). NUDGE: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and hapiness. London: Penguin.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thaler R. H., Sunstain С. (2009). NUDGE: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and hapiness. London: Penguin.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinstein G. P., Alam P., Blose L. E. (1991). Portfolio divestment: The cost of doing business in South Africa. Global Finance Journal, vol. 2, iss. 2/3, pp. 293–307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinstein G. P., Alam P., Blose L. E. (1991). Portfolio divestment: The cost of doing business in South Africa. Global Finance Journal, vol. 2, iss. 2/3, pp. 293–307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whyte G. (1993). Escalating commitment in individual and group decision making: A prospect theory approach. Organizational Behavior &amp; Human Decision Processes, vol. 54, iss. 3, pp. 430–455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whyte G. (1993). Escalating commitment in individual and group decision making: A prospect theory approach. Organizational Behavior &amp; Human Decision Processes, vol. 54, iss. 3, pp. 430–455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y., Cai Q., Wei G., Chen X. (2023). Model for evaluating the airline business operations capability based on 2TLPF–TOPSIS method and entropy weight. Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems, vol. 44, iss. 4, pp. 5745–5758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y., Cai Q., Wei G., Chen X. (2023). Model for evaluating the airline business operations capability based on 2TLPF–TOPSIS method and entropy weight. Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems, vol. 44, iss. 4, pp. 5745–5758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
