<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2022-2(97)-72-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICAL POLICY AND ECONOMICAL PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Для сбережения народа необходима реформа управления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Governance Reform Is Needed to Save the People</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-5634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коссов</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kossov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kossov3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коссов В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коссов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kossov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/759">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/759</self-uri><abstract><p>Сбережение народа – ​естественная стратегия для вымирающей страны. Она характеризуется приростом (убылью) населения – ​масштаб сбережения народа и ожидаемой продолжительностью жизни для новорожденных (ОПЖ) – ​качество сбережения народа. Три идеи определяют замысел статьи. Первая – ​необходимость эксперимента для оценки различных мер возрождения естественного прироста населения на примере небольшого числа городов. Крайне важна одновременная проверка вариантов таких мер для выбора лучшего. Вторая – ​необходимость предотвращения очередной назревающей остановки роста ОПЖ. Застой динамики ОПЖ в 1960–1980 гг., наблюдавшийся в мире, только в СССР и бывших социалистических странах привел к изменению общественного строя. Реформа управления призвана устранить тенденцию ОПЖ к застою. Третья идея – ​отношение к предпринимателям как к кормильцам. На примере данных 94 стран за 2019 г. выявлена связь ОПЖ с определяющими его факторами: ВВП на душу по паритету покупательной способности валют (материальный фактор ОПЖ) с восемью рейтингами стран – ​нематериальные факторы ОПЖ. Показано, что ВВП на душу и рейтинг верховенства закона лучше всего объясняют различия стран по ОПЖ. Успех реформ связывается с долей в электорате экономически независимых граждан, сокращающейся в России. Неизбежное падение доходов от экспорта углеводородов требует их замещения экспортом других товаров. Однако, такие товары еще предстоит создать, что требует значительного увеличения числа занимающихся этим предпринимателей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Saving the people is a natural strategy for an extinction country. It is characterized by an increase (decrease) in the population – ​the scale of the saving the people and life expectancy for newborns (LE) – ​the quality of saving the people. Three ideas determine the intent of the article. The first is the need for an experiment to evaluate various measures for the revival of natural population growth on the example of a small number of cities. It is extremely important to simultaneously check the options for such measures in order to select the best one. The second is the need to prevent another imminent stop in the growth of life expectancy. The stagnation of the life expectancy dynamics in 1960–1980, observed in the world, only in the USSR and the former socialist countries led to a change in the social system – ​governance reform is designed to eliminate the tendency of life expectancy to stagnation. The third idea is to treat entrepreneurs as breadwinners. Using the data of 94 countries for 2019 as an example, a relationship between life expectancy and the factors determining was revealed: GDP per capita at purchasing power parity of currencies (material factor of life expectancy) with eight country ratings – ​non-material factors of life expectancy. It is shown that GDP per capita and the rule of law rating best explain the differences between countries in terms of life expectancy. The success of the reforms is associated with the share of economically independent citizens in the electorate, which is declining in Russia. The inevitable decline in revenues from the export of hydrocarbons requires their replacement by the export of other goods. However, such products have yet to be created, which requires a significant increase in the number of entrepreneurs involved.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сбережение народа</kwd><kwd>реформа управления</kwd><kwd>ожидаемая продолжительность жизни для новорожденных</kwd><kwd>вымирающая страна</kwd><kwd>ВВП на душу населения по паритету покупательной способности валют</kwd><kwd>предприниматели как кормильцы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>saving the people</kwd><kwd>governance reform</kwd><kwd>life expectancy for newborns</kwd><kwd>an extinction country</kwd><kwd>GDP per capita by currency purchasing power parity</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurs as breadwinners</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аганбегян А. Г. (2018). Сбережение населения России под вопросом // Народонаселение. № 21(4). C. 4–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aganbegyan A. G. (2018). Saving the population of Russia is in question. Population, no. 21 (4), p. 4–13 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Величковский В. (2013). Социальная биология человека // Вестник российского государственного медицинского университета имение Н. И. Пирогова. № 5–6. C. 9–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velichkovsky V. (2013). Social Human Biology as a Science. Bulletin of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, no. 5–6, p. 9–18 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волконский В. А., Гаврилец Ю. Н., Кудров А. В. (2020). Либерализм и государство: экономический рост и неравенство // Экономическая наука современной России. № 2 (89). C. 147–159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkonsky V. A., Gavrilets Yu.N., Kudrov A. V. (2020). Liberalism and the State: Economic Growth and Inequality. Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 2 (89), pp. 147–159 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефимова Л. (2012). Продолжительность жизни в России: динамика и перспективы // Региональная экономика. № 39 (270). C. 51–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efimova L. (2012). Life expectancy in Russia: dynamics and prospects. Regional Economics, no. 39 (270), pp. 51–56 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Загайтов И., Яновский Л. (2007). Динамика платежеспособности и депопуляци аселения РФ // Проблемы прогнозирования. № 1. C. 139–150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagaitov I., Yanovsky L. (2007). Dynamics of solvency and depopulation of the population of the Russian Federation. Problems of Forecasting, no. 1, pp. 139–150 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караваева И., Иванов Е. (2018). Противоречия и риски российской системы управления 1 (13 майских указов 2012 г. и 1 указ с 12 нацпроектами 2018 г.) // Менеджмент и бизнес-администрирование. № 3. C. 49–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karavaeva I., Ivanov E. (2018). Contradictions and risks of the Russian management system 1 (13 May 2012 decrees and 1 decree with 12 national projects in 2018). Management and Business Administration, no. 3, рp. 49–66 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колосницына М., Коссова Т., Шелунцова М. (2019). Факторы роста ожидаемой продолжительности жизни: кластерный анализ по странам мира // Демографическое обозрение. № 6. C. 124–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolosnitsyna M., Kossova T., Sheluntsova M. (2019). Life expectancy growth factors: cluster analysis by countries of the world. Demographic Review, no. 6, pp. 124–140 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссов В. (2000). Эгоцентризм как губитель России // Мир России. № 9 (2). C. 53–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossov V. (2000). Egocentrism as the destroyer of Russia. World of Russia, no. 9(2), pp. 53–62 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссов В. (2008). Мега проект – ​остановить вымирание России // Мир России. № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossov V. (2008). Mega project – ​to stop the extinction of Russia. World of Russia, no. 1 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссов В. (2019а). Развитие предпринимательства как способ остановить вымирание России // Проблемы российской экономики после перехода к рынку / под ред. д.э.н., проф. Я. М. Уринсона. Москва: ФГБОУ ВО Pocc. экономический университет им. Г. В. Плеханова, с. 58–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossov V. (2019a). Development of entrepreneurship as a way to stop the extinction of Russia. Problems of the Russian economy after the transition to the market. Edю Y. Urinson Moscow: FGBOU VO «G. V. Plekhanov Russian Economic University», p. 58–81 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссов В. (2019б). Уважительное отношение к предпринимателю как предпосылка для экономического роста // Экономическая наука современной России. № 1. С. 81–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossov V. (2019b). Respect for the entrepreneur as a prerequisite for economic growth. Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 1, p. 81–100 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коссов В. (2020). Отставание России от западных стран – ​следствие разрыва между вековыми чаяниями народа и прозой жизни // Экономическая наука современной России. № 2. С. 132–147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kossov V. V. (2020). Russia's Lagging Behind Western Countries as a Result of the Gap between Age-Old Aspirations of the People and Prose of Life. Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 2, pp. 132–147 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костюков А. (2017). Исчезающее народовластие // Конституционное и муниципальное право. № 8. С. 61–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostyukov A. (2017). Disappearing power if the people. Constitutional and Municipal Law, No. 8, p. 61–64 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев В. (2018). Что держит Россию внизу рейтинга верховенства права // Ведомости, 01.03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryavtsev V. (2018). What keeps Russia at the bottom of the rule of law rating. Vedomosti, 01.03 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литова Е. (2021). В России главная проблема – ​судебная и правовая системы // Ведомости, 23.09.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litova E. (2021). In Russia, the main problem is the judicial and legal systems. Vedomosti, 23.09 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милле Ф., Школьников В. (1999). Смертность в России: затянувшееся отставание // Мир России. № 4. С. 138–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millet F., Shkolnikov V. (1999). Mortality in Russia: a protracted lag. World of Russia, no. 4, рp. 138–162 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Музаметов Р. (2016). Местное самоуправление в России: основные этапы развития // Вопросы управления. № 6 (43). С. 23–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muzametov R. (2016). Local self-government in Russia: the main stages of development. Management Issues, тo. 6 (43), рp. 23–28 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рувинский В. (2020). Кто считает предпринимателей жуликами // Ведомости, 13.03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruvinsky V. (2020). Who considers entrepreneurs thiefs? Vedomosti, 13.03 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Светуньков С. (2017). Опыт моделирования социально-экономической динамики. СПб.: СПб гос. экон. ун-т.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svetunkov S. (2017). Experience in modeling social and economic dynamics. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University of Economy (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титов Б. (2018). Сектор малого и среднего предпринимательства: Россия и Мир. [Online]. URL: file://C:/Users/master/Downloads/issledovanie-ier-msp‑27.07.18.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titov B. (2018). Small and Medium Business Sector: Russia and the World. [online] (in Russian). URL: file://C:/Users/master/Downloads/issledovanie-ier-msp‑27.07.18.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Улумбекова Г.Э., Прохоренко Н.Ф., Гиноян А.Б., Калашникова А.В. (2019). Системный подход к достижению общенациональной цели по увеличению ожидаемой продолжительности жизни до 78 лет к 2024 году // Экономика. Налоги. Право. № 2. C. 19–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulumbekova G. E., Prokhorenko N. F., Kalashnikovaс A. V., Ghinoyand A. B. (2019). A System approach to achieving the national goal a system approach to achieving the national goal of increasing life expectancy to 78 years by 2024. Economy. Taxes. Right, no. 2, pp. 19–30 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урланис Б. (1968). Берегите мужчин! // Литературная газета. № 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urlanis B. (1968). Take care of the men! Literary Newspaper, no. 30 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фирсов А. (2021). Сорвавшееся орудие: что показал приговор Майклу Калви // Forbes. 06.08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firsov A. (2021). Broken gun: what Michael Calvey's verdict showed. Forbes, 06.08 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черных С. (2021). Государственный капитализм в России: теория, практика и современные тенденции // Общество и экономика. № 2. C. 5–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernykh S. (2021). State capitalism in Russia: Theory, practice and modern trends. Society and Economy, no. 2, p. 5–17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ediger V. S., Bowlusa J. V., Dursunb A. F. (2021). State capitalism and hydrocarbon security in China and Russia. Energy Strategy Reviews, no. 38 (November).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ediger V. S., Bowlusa J. V., Dursunb A. F. (2021). State capitalism and hydrocarbon security in China and Russia. Energy Strategy Reviews, no. 38 (November).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackenbach J., Hu Y., Looman Caspar W. N. (2013b). Democratization and life expectancy in Europe, 1960–2008. Social Science &amp; Medicine, no. 93, pp. 166–175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackenbach J., Hu Y., Looman Caspar W. N. (2013b). Democratization and life expectancy in Europe, 1960–2008. Social Science &amp; Medicine, no. 93, pp. 166–175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackenbach J.P. (2013a). Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900–2008. Social Science &amp; Medicine, no. 82, pp. 134–146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackenbach J.P. (2013a). Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900–2008. Social Science &amp; Medicine, no. 82, pp. 134–146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanden J. L. van; Baten Joerg, d’Ercole Marco Mira, Rijpma Auke, Smith Conal, Timmer Marcel How was life?: global well-being since 1820. OECD Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanden J. L. van; Baten Joerg, d’Ercole Marco Mira, Rijpma Auke, Smith Conal, Timmer Marcel How was life?: global well-being since 1820. OECD Publishing.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
