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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2021-4(95)-127-132</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ  ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Советское планирование: что и почему актуально в XXI в. </article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soviet Planning: What and Why Is Relevant in the XXI Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-7538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колганов</surname><given-names>Андрей Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolganov</surname><given-names>Andrei I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией сравнительного исследования экономических систем, Экономический факультет МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова; главный научный сотрудник, Институт экономики РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci (Econ.), Prof., Head of the Laboratory for Comparative Research of Socio-EconomicSystems of the Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">onaglo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова; Институт экономики РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Economy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>127</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колганов А.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колганов А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolganov A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/732">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/732</self-uri><abstract><p>Планирование получило широкое распространение в странах с различными социально-экономическими системами. При этом оценки результатов использования плановых методов, как и сами эти плановые методы, отмечают существенные различия. Они зависят как от особенностей социально-экономических систем, в которых применялось планирование, так и от задач, которое оно решало. Для исследования этих зависимостей полезно обратиться к опыту планирования в СССР, который демонстрирует разные варианты использования плановых методов. В годы новой экономической политики планирование функционировало в условиях широкого развития рыночных и капиталистических отношений. Поэтому методы планирования были адаптированы к условиям рынка. Само планирование было преимущественно индикативным, а достижение плановых результатов строилось путем воздействия на экономические интересы экономических субъектов. Поэтому можно обнаружить значительное сходство в модели советского планирования в годы новой экономической политики и тех плановых методов, которые применялись в послевоенный период в Европе, Японии, а затем и в новых индустриальных странах. Модель директивного планирования, получившая развитие в СССР в 1930-е гг., обеспечивала определенные преимущества в развитии экономики (мобилизация и концентрация значительных масс ресурсов для глубоких структурных сдвигов в экономике, осуществление крупных научно-технических и социальных проектов), но была также обременена серьезными противоречиями. Советская модель директивного планирования не имела эффективных институтов, выражавших экономические интересы предприятий и их коллективов, не создавала стимулов для технического перевооружения действовавших предприятий и привела в конечном итоге к преобладанию интересов верхушки государственных ведомств. Для предотвращения развития подобных противоречий, однобокого отражения интересов узких социальных групп плановая система должна строиться на демократических основаниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Planning has become widespread in countries with different socio-economic systems. At the same time, both the evaluation of the results of using planned methods and these planned methods themselves have significant differences. They depend both on the features of the socio-economic systems in which planning was applied, and on the tasks that it solved. To study these dependencies, it is useful to turn to the experience of planning in the USSR, which demonstrates different options for using planning methods. During the years of the new economic policy, planning functioned in the conditions of a broad development of market and capitalist relations. Therefore, the planning methods were adapted to the market conditions. The planning itself was mainly indicative, and the achievement of planned results was built by influencing the economic interests of economic entities. Therefore, it is possible to find a significant similarity in the model of Soviet planning during the years of the new economic policy and those planning methods that were used in the post-war period in Europe, Japan, and then in the new industrial countries. The model of directive planning, which was developed in the USSR in the 1930s of the twentieth century, provided both certain advantages in the development of the economy (the mobilization and concentration of significant masses of resources for deep structural changes in the economy, the implementation of large scientific, technical and social projects), and was burdened with serious contradictions. The Soviet model of directive planning did not have effective institutions that expressed the economic interests of enterprises and their collectives, did not create incentives for technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, and ultimately led to the predominance of the interests of the top government departments. To prevent the development of such contradictions, one-sided reflection of the interests of narrow social groups, the planned system should be built on democratic grounds.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>планирование</kwd><kwd>директивное планирование</kwd><kwd>индикативное планирование</kwd><kwd>новая экономическая политика</kwd><kwd>рыночная экономика</kwd><kwd>развитие</kwd><kwd>структурные сдвиги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>planning</kwd><kwd>directive planning</kwd><kwd>indicative planning</kwd><kwd>new economic policy</kwd><kwd>market economy</kwd><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>structural shifts</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта  № 21-010-43007\21.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by RFBR, project nо. 21-010-43007\21</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдаков Ю. 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