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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2020-2(89)-132-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-551</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ  ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отставание России от западных стран – ​следствие разрыва между вековыми чаяниями народа и прозой жизни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia's Lagging Behind Western Countries as a Result of the Gap between Age-Old Aspirations  of the People and Prose of Life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-5634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коссов</surname><given-names>Владимир Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kossov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kossov3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коссов В.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коссов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kossov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/551">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/551</self-uri><abstract><p>На протяжении веков Россия отстает от стран, называемых Западом. Обоснован выбор Швейцарии в качестве эталона для сравнения стран. В 2016 г. ВВП на душу населения в новых государствах в границах бывшего СССР был на 10 п. ниже 1886 г. Успехи советской эпохи в приближении уровня жизни к западному оказались утраченными. Показана тесная взаимосвязь семи рейтингов стран, характеризующих различные аспекты уровня жизни населения. Главный вопрос, на который стремится ответить автор: «почему Швейцария, бедная природными ресурсами, по уровню жизни на протяжении веков значительно опережает богатую ими Россию?». Принципиальное различие в отношениях власти к гражданам – ответ на этот вопрос. В России испокон веков действует система «правитель – верноподданный», а в Швейцарии «гражданин – слуги общества». В России правитель сам решает, что делать, а верноподданные следуют его указаниям. В Швейцарии граждане на референдуме определяют, что им делать, и делают они это по правилам, написанным слугами общества. Более высокая мотивация людей в системе свободного предпринимательства определяет их более высокую производительность, а через нее – и более высокий уровень жизни. В России власть формируется представительной демократией, а в Швейцарии – прямой, которая гораздо ближе к вековым чаяниям народа о воле.</p><sec><title> </title></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For centuries, Russia is lagging behind the countries called “the West”. The choice of Switzerland as a benchmark for comparison is justified. In 2016 GDP per capita in the new nations within the borders of the former USSR was 10 points less than in 1886. The Soviet era gains in bringing living standards closer to the West were lost. The close relationship with seven ratings of countries describing different aspects of the standard of living is shown. The main question that the author seeks to answer: “Why has Switzerland, which is poor in natural resources, been significantly ahead of Russia, which is rich in them, in terms of living standards for centuries?” The fundamental difference in the relationship of the government to citizens is the answer to this question. In Russia, for centuries, the system “Ruler – loyal subjects”, and in Switzerland – “citizen – civil servants”. In Russia, the ruler determines what to do, and the loyal subjects follow his instructions. In Switzerland, in a referendum the citizens determine what to do and they do it under the rules written by the civil servants. Higher motivation of people in the free enterprise system determines their higher productivity, and through it, a higher standard of living. In Russia, power is formed by a representative democracy and in Switzerland by a direct one, which is much closer to the age-old aspirations of the people for the will.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>типы власти</kwd><kwd>представительная демократия</kwd><kwd>прямая демократия</kwd><kwd>предприниматели</kwd><kwd>силовики</kwd><kwd>уровень жизни</kwd><kwd>рейтинги стран</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>types of power</kwd><kwd>representative democracy</kwd><kwd>direct democracy</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurs</kwd><kwd>security officials – ​“siloviki”</kwd><kwd>standard of living</kwd><kwd>country ratings</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердяев Н. (1994). Истоки и смысл русского коммунизма // Сочинения. М.: Раритет. С. 245–412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdjev N. (1994). 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