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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2019-3(86)-29-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теоретические проблемы коллективных действий. Трансформация правил</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THEORY OF COLLECTIVE ACTION: RULES TRANSFORMATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скаржинская</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skarzhinskaya</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор</p><p>Кострома</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kostroma</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yelena.skarzhinsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуриков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tzurikov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.ф.-м.н., д.э.н., доцент, профессор </p><p>Кострома</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kostroma</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsurikov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Костромской государственный университет им. Н.А. Некрасова&#13;
Кострома,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. A. Nekrasov Kostroma State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Костромская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kostroma State Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>86</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скаржинская Е.М., Цуриков В.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скаржинская Е.М., Цуриков В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skarzhinskaya E.M., Tzurikov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/473">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/473</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена математическому моделированию способов координации коллективных действий в режиме самоорганизации и самоуправления. Предполагается, что члены коллектива создают совокупный доход, величина которого возрастает с ростом объема усилий, прилагаемых каждым. Цель каждого члена коллектива – максимизировать собственный выигрыш. Как было установлено ранее, отсутствие всеобщего межличностного доверия не позволяет членам однородного (неструктурированного) коллектива преодолеть неэффективный, равновесный по Нэшу исход. Рассмотрены варианты структурирования коллектива на основе образования небольших групп (коалиций) агентов, связанных доверительными отношениями друг с другом внутри каждой такой группы. Стратегия коалиции, направленная на максимизацию не индивидуальных выигрышей, а коалиционного, приводит к росту прилагаемых членами коалиции усилий, что оборачивается ростом индивидуальных выигрышей всех членов коллектива. Показано, что для обеспечения устойчивости коалиционной структуры необходимы, во‑первых, стимулы для членов каждой коалиции, предусматривающие перераспределение квазиренты в их пользу, и, во‑вторых, осуществление контроля над усилиями агентов. Как следует из модели, члены коллектива, не вошедшие в коалиции или состоящие в малочисленных коалициях с низкими долями в совокупном доходе, имеют слабые стимулы инвестирования. Возможность усиления их стимулов и соответствующего повышения совокупного выигрыша коллектива может быть достигнута в рамках другой, более иерархически выстроенной структуры при условии достаточно низких трансакционных издержек. Для реализации этой возможности необходима концентрация права на остаточный доход в руках только одной или нескольких крупнейших коалиций с соответствующим отстранением от этого права всех остальных членов коллектива. Доход каждого такого агента определяется условиями стимулирующего контракта. Предложен дизайн стимулирующего контракта, создающего все необходимые предпосылки для достижения равновесного исхода, доминирующего по Парето над любым исходом, достигаемым при сохранении прав на остаточный доход у всех членов коллектива.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors examine the mathematical modeling of methods for the coordination of collective action in the self-organization and self-governance mode. It is assumed that members of the collective create aggregate income whose value grows, as each member invests more effort. The goal pursued by each member of the collective is to maximize personal gains. As we established in the first part of the study, the lack of universal interpersonal trust prevents members of a uniform (unstructured) collective from overcoming a non-effective, Nash equilibrium outcome. Alternative options for structuring the collective were considered, such as creating small groups (coalitions) of agents sharing mutual trust within each group. The strategy of such coalition, aimed at maximizing coalitional gains rather than personal, leads to greater investment of effort by each coalition member, which in turn produces greater aggregate gains for the entire collective. We have shown that in order to secure stability of a coalition structure, first, stimuli for each coalition member are needed such that imply redistribution of quasi-rent to their benefit, and second, control must be exercised on the efforts of the agents. As models demonstrate, members of the collective left outside coalitions or forming small coalitions with a low share taken together (in aggregate) gains, have weaker stimuli for investment. The potential of increasing such stimuli and thereby increasing aggregate gains may be furnished by another, stronger hierarchic-shaped structure – provided transactional costs are sufficiently low. In order to realize this potential, entitlements to residual income must be concentrated in the hands of a single largest coalition or a number of largest coalitions, while banning all other members of the collective from receiving such income. The income of each agent is defined by the terms of the stimulating contract. We have proposed a general design of such a stimulating contract, creating all prerequisites for achieving equilibrium outcome, with Pareto-dominates equilibrium outcomes for other collective structuring options.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллективные действия</kwd><kwd>доверие</kwd><kwd>координация</kwd><kwd>квазирента</kwd><kwd>стимулирующий контракт</kwd><kwd>остаточный доход</kwd><kwd>трансакционные издержки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>collective action</kwd><kwd>trust</kwd><kwd>coordination</kwd><kwd>quasi-rent</kwd><kwd>contract</kwd><kwd>residual income</kwd><kwd>transactional costs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капелюшников Р. И. Множественность институциональных миров: Нобелевская премия по экономике‑2009: Препринт WP3/2010/02. Ч. 1. 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