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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Смысловые установки и их роль в истории. Генезис капитализма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sense Attitudes and Their Role in History. The Genesis of Capitalism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волконский</surname><given-names>Виктор Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkonsky</surname><given-names>Victor A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of National Economy Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волконский В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волконский В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkonsky V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/297">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/297</self-uri><abstract><p>Для нормальной жизни человеку необходимо не только удовлетворение его физиологических потребностей. Ему необходимы также надличностные смыслы жизни, и потребность в них является не менее острой. Человек получает такие смыслы из духовно-идеологической сферы, которая включает религии, идеологии, философско-этические учения, смысловые установки. Эта сфера развивается в значительной мере самостоятельно, независимо от развития технологий, производств, институтов. Причинами исторических событий и процессов служат как технологическое и экономическое развитие, так и цели и стремления людей, доминирующие в сообществе (народе, организации, социальном слое). В ХХ в. основные исторические процессы определялись развитием и противостоянием идеологий капитализма и социализма. Теперь влияние обеих этих идеологий стало значительно слабее. В статье представлена картина развития капиталистической системы, которая может стать базой для сопоставления идеологии капитализма с иными идеологиями (прежде всего, с идеологией социализма), а также для оценки значения разных идеологий для истории человечества. В следующих статьях будет описана духовно-идеологическая ситуация ХХI в. в мире с точки зрения наиболее острых современных проблем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For normal life, man needs not only to satisfy his physiological requirements. He needs also over personal senses of life. And this requirement is no less acute. A man receives such senses from spiritual-ideological sphere, which includes religions, ideologies, philosophic-ethical teachings, sense attitudes. Its evolution is mostly independently, regardless of the development of technology, production, institutions. The causes of historical events and processes are both technological and economic development and socio-psychological attitudes that dominate in a particular community (people, organizations, social layer). In the twentieth century, the main historical processes were determined by the development and confrontation of ideologies of capitalism and socialism. Now the influence of both these ideologies has become much weaker. The article presents the development of the capitalist system, with the emphasis on the role of the dominant sense attitude setting. The picture of the beginning of the XXI century is given – the situation of spiritual and ideological uncertainty, the way out of which depends on the solution of the most acute modern problems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надличностные смыслы</kwd><kwd>смысловые установки</kwd><kwd>идеологии</kwd><kwd>обогащение</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>корпорации</kwd><kwd>власть</kwd><kwd>неравенство</kwd><kwd>общественное сознание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>over personal senses</kwd><kwd>sense attitudes</kwd><kwd>ideologies</kwd><kwd>enrichment</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>corporations</kwd><kwd>power</kwd><kwd>inequality</kwd><kwd>societal recognition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бузгалин А.В., Колганов А.И. По ту сторону Гэлбрейта: креатосфера, рынок и корпорации в начале ХХI века // Гэлбрейт: возвращение / под ред. 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