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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-271</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поведение предприятия в моделях теории фирмы. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Behavior of the enterprise in the models of the theory of firm. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейнер</surname><given-names>Георгий Борисович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleiner</surname><given-names>George B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент РАН, д.э.н., профессор, заместитель научного руководителя</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">george.kleiner@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пресняков</surname><given-names>Василий Федорович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Presnyakov</surname><given-names>Vasily F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">presvasilij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпинская</surname><given-names>Венера Абдрахмановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpinskaya</surname><given-names>Venera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpinskaya.venera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЦЭМИ РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клейнер Г.Б., Пресняков В.Ф., Карпинская В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клейнер Г.Б., Пресняков В.Ф., Карпинская В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kleiner G.B., Presnyakov V.F., Karpinskaya V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/271">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/271</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье фирма рассматривается как: а) совокупность индивидов, заключивших контракты с работодателем; б) самостоятельный хозяйствующий субъект; в) элемент народнохозяйственного экономического комплекса. В рамках этих трех подходов к сущности фирмы предметом исследования является поведение фирмы как производящей системы, как субъекта управления и института общества. Статья состоит из двух частей. В первой части фирма рассматривается как производственный объект, в связи с чем дается краткий анализ основных теорий фирмы, отражающих влияние внутрипроизводственных факторов на поведение предприятия. Раскрываются подходы, связанные с агентоориентированным моделированием, вариантами неоклассической теории, теории индустриальной динамики Дж. Форрестера. Агентоориентированный подход дает возможность увязать в единое целое действия агентов – отдельных участников хозяйственной деятельности предприятия. Расширенное применение агентоориентированного моделирования позволяет также отразить влияние на фирму решений, принимаемых индивидами вне состава работников или собственников фирмы. Неоклассический подход опирается на представление о фирме как о самостоятельной целенаправленной системе, преследующей цель максимизации фиксированного критерия оптимальности (рациональности) поведения. Такой критерий может отражать интересы собственников, менеджеров или работников фирмы. Возможна также определенная комбинация подобных критериев. Принцип оптимальности часто подвергается критике, однако он дает возможность, во-первых, максимально емко описать результаты действия различных процессов в рамках предприятия и, во-вторых, изучать предприятия как целостный экономический феномен. Для неоклассических моделей характерно предположение о полной информированности и совершенной рациональности лиц, принимающих решения о поведении предприятия. Основная задача теории Дж. Форрестера – анализ влияния динамических характеристик процессов и структуры предприятия на результаты его производственной деятельности. Управление представлено в модели как процесс, связанный с формированием и преобразованием материальных и информационных потоков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article the firm is considered as: a) the aggregate of individuals who have concluded contracts with the employer; b) an independent economic entity; c) the element of the national economy complex. Within the framework of these three approaches to the essence of a firm, the object of research is the behavior of the firm as a producing system, as a subject of management and the institution of society. The article consists of two parts. In the first part of the article the firm is considered as a production facility, in connection with which a brief description of the basic theories of the firm reflecting the influence of intra-production factors on the behavior of the enterprise is given. The approaches connected with agent-oriented modeling, variants of the neoclassical theory, J. Forrester's theory of industrial dynamics are disclosed. The agent-oriented approach makes it possible to link the actions of agents-individual participants in the economic activities of an enterprise-into a single whole. The expanded application of agent-based modeling also allows reflecting the influence on the firm of decisions taken by individuals outside the personal of employees or owners of the firm. The neoclassical approach is based on the notion of the firm as an independent, purposeful system that pursues the goal of maximizing a fixed criterion of optimality (rationality) of behavior. Such a criterion may reflect the interests of owners, managers or employees of the firm. A certain combination of similar criteria is also possible. The principle of optimality is often criticized, but it gives an opportunity, firstly, to describe the results of various processes within the enterprise in the most capacious form and, secondly, to ensure the study of the enterprise as a holistic economic phenomenon. For neoclassical models, the assumption of complete awareness and perfect rationality of persons making decisions concerning the behavior of an enterprise is characteristic. The main task of J. Forrester's theory is the analysis of the influence of the dynamic characteristics of the processes and structure of the enterprise on the results of its production activity. Management in the model is represented as a process associated with the formation and transformation of material and information flows.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фирма</kwd><kwd>теория фирмы</kwd><kwd>производственный объект</kwd><kwd>неоклассическая теория фирмы</kwd><kwd>агентоориентированное моделирование</kwd><kwd>теория индустриальной динамики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>firm</kwd><kwd>theory of the firm</kwd><kwd>production facility</kwd><kwd>neoclassical theory of the firm</kwd><kwd>agent-oriented modeling</kwd><kwd>theory of industrial dynamics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках грантов Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 17-02-00513 (руководитель Г.Б. Клейнер) и проект № 17-02-00457 (руководитель В.Ф. Пресняков))</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the grants of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 17-02-00513 (headed by GB Kleiner) and project No. 17-02-00457 (headed by VF Presnyakov))</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зотов В.В., Пресняков В.Ф. Фирма как экономическое явление и институт общества // Экономика и математические методы. 1995. Т. 31. Вып. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotov V.V., Presnyakov V.F. (1995). Firm as an Economic Phenomenon and the Institute of Society. Economics and Mathematical Methods, vol. 31, no. 2 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клейнер Г.Б. 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