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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-267</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформации предпринимательской этики в императорской, советской и постсоветской России: парадоксы и проблемы. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformations of Entrepreneurial Ethics in the Imperial, Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia: Paradoxes and Problems. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черной</surname><given-names>Лев Семенович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernoy</surname><given-names>Lev Semyonovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.э.н., профессор, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@mir.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт перспективных научных исследований, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Prospective Scientific Studies, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черной Л.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черной Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernoy L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены специфика и история становления предпринимательской этики в дореволюционной России, а также ее трансформации в период российских революций, далее в советскую эпоху в период нэпа и позже в артельно-кооперативных формах, а затем в «теневой» системе частного предпринимательства и, наконец, в поздне- и постсоветский периоды реформ. Показано, что несколько этапов ломки массовой этической нормативности «на переломах эпох» не могли не приводить к серьезным разрушениям морально-ценностного фундамента жизни во всех социальных группах и во всех стратах общества. Показано, что «переломы эпох» приводили к долговременным и болезненным разрывам между внешней нормативностью государства (нормами писаного права) и внутренней нормативностью граждан, сообществ и общества (массовой моралью и «правом обычая»). Показано, что в советский период власть при организации экономики в значительной степени опиралась на преемственную моральную общинную специфику массового самосознания, включая общинные формы коллективного поощрения и наказания, а также на трансформированные в терминологии коммунизма религиозные этические заповеди. Установлено, что поздне- и постсоветские «рыночные» трансформации экономического законодательства, целенаправленная дискредитация массовых нормативно-этических представлений советской эпохи, а также в существенной части незаконная и мошенническая приватизация советской общенародной собственности привели к глубокому хаосу во всей российской институционально-нормативной системе, обеспечивающей экономическую деятельность и социальную устойчивость. Показано, что это создает серьезные препятствия для успешного развития российской государственности.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the specifics and history of the formation of entrepreneurial ethics in pre-revolutionary Russia, as well as its transformations in the course of Russian revolutions, in the Soviet era during the New Economic Policy period. Research embraces the transformations in cooperative / artel types of business at a later stage, in the «shadow» system of private entrepreneurship, and finally, in the times of the late Soviet and post-Soviet reforms. It is shown that several stages of breaking the mass ethical norm «at the turns of the epochs» – could not but lead to serious destruction of the moral oriented basis of life in all social groups and in all strata of society. It is shown, that the «turns of the epochs» caused lasting and painful fractures between the outward normality of the state (the norms of written law) and the internal normality of citizens, communities and society (mass morality and the «customary law»). It is shown, that during the Soviet period, in the process of organizing economic life, authorities largely relied on the successive moral community specificity of mass self-awareness, including community forms of collective encouragement and punishment, as well as on religious ethical precepts transformed in the terminology of communism. It is established, that the late Soviet and post-Soviet so called «market» transformations of economic legislation, the purposeful discrediting of mass normative and ethical views of the Soviet era, as well as illegal and fraudulent privatization of substantial part of Soviet public property, led to deep chaos in the entire Russian institutional and regulatory system that ensures economic activity and social sustainability. It is shown, that this creates serious obstacles to the successful development of Russian statehood.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предпринимательская этика</kwd><kwd>кооперативы</kwd><kwd>артели</kwd><kwd>маркетизация</kwd><kwd>неформальные институты</kwd><kwd>криминализация</kwd><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>негативные экстерналии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>entrepreneurial ethics</kwd><kwd>cooperatives</kwd><kwd>artel</kwd><kwd>marketization</kwd><kwd>informal institutions</kwd><kwd>criminalization</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>negative externalities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вахитов К.И. История потребительской кооперации России. Ч. 1. М.: Дашков и Ко, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernoy L.S. (2004). Social factors and risks in the economic development of Russia. History and modernity. 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