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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2025-28(3)-26-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CJANID</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-1095</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод корректировки неоднородности панельных данных в моделях сложных экономических систем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method for Correcting Panel Data Heterogeneity in the Models of Complex Economic Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-3894</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабешко</surname><given-names>Людмила Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babeshko</surname><given-names>Lyudmila O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Economic), Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babeshko_ls@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабешко Л.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабешко Л.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babeshko L.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1095">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1095</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена построению моделей для панельных данных, учитывающих влияние качественных признаков на эндогенную переменную. Эконометрическим инструментом, формализующим влияние качественных признаков, являются фиктивные переменные. Необходимость включения фиктивных переменных в эконометрические модели в последнее время диктуется структурными изменениями в экономике ряда стран, вызванными беспрецедентными западными санкциями и изменениями, связанными с пандемией. Цель исследования – ​построить и апробировать модели товарооборота России со странами БРИКС в рамках моделей для панельных данных, учитывающих влияние качественных (постоянных во времени) признаков на эндогенную переменную с применением метода декомпозиции фиксированных эффектов (FEVD). Метод FEVD обеспечивает более гибкую спецификацию модели, совмещая достоинства моделей с фиксированными и случайными эффектами, но не опираясь на жесткие допущения о некоррелированности индивидуальных эффектов и регрессоров, характерных для модели случайных эффектов. Это совмещение расширяет возможности панельного анализа в эконометрике и позволяет более точно моделировать влияние качественных факторов на эндогенную переменную. Задача исследования включает: построение эконометрических моделей для панельных данных для прогнозирования объемов товарооборота России со странами БРИКС; проведение спецификационных тестов этих моделей; повышение точности прогнозов в рамках метода FEVD, алгебраическую и эмпирическую проверку свойств оценок параметров метода. В результате проведена адаптация метода FEVD к специфике экономик стран БРИКС в условиях современных экономических вызовов. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы сбалансированные панельные данные по пяти странам БРИКС (Бразилия, Россия, Индия, Китай, ЮАР) за период 2000–2020 гг. Особое внимание уделено анализу воздействия макроэкономических показателей (ВВП, курс доллара, цена на нефть, пандемийный шок и др.) на товарооборот России со странами БРИКС. Метод FEVD позволил повысить точность результатов оценивания по сравнению с традиционной моделью с фиксированными эффектами. Исследование вносит вклад в эмпирическую базу оценки моделей с фиксированными эффектами методом FEVD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the construction of models for panel data that take into account the influence of qualitative features on the endogenous variable. Dummy variables are an econometric tool that formalizes the influence of qualitative features. The need to include dummy variables in econometric models was recently dictated by structural changes in the economies of a number of countries caused by unprecedented Western sanctions and changes associated with the pandemic. The aim of this study is to develop and empirically test a model of Russia’s trade turnover with BRICS countries using panel data techniques that account for the impact of qualitative (time-invariant) factors on the endogenous variable, employing Fixed effects vector decomposition (FEVD) method. FEVD approach provides a more flexible model specification by combining the advantages of fixed and random effects models without relying on the strict assumption of zero correlation between individual effects and regressors, which is typical of random effects models. This enhances the capabilities of panel data analysis in econometrics and enables more accurate modeling of the influence of qualitative factors on the endogenous variable. The objectives of the study include: building models for panel data based on BRICS data, conducting their specification tests, implementing FEVD method algorithm in the R software environment, and algebraic and empirical verification of the properties of the method parameter estimates. The result of the work is adaptation of FEVD method to the specifics of BRICS economies in the context of modern economic challenges. Balanced panel data for five BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) for the period 2000–2020 were used as an empirical base. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of macroeconomic indicators (GDP, dollar exchange rate, oil price, pandemic shock, etc.) on Russia’s trade turnover with BRICS countries. The FEVD method made it possible to increase the accuracy of the estimation results in comparison with the traditional fixed effects model. The study contributes to the empirical base for estimating fixed effects models using FEVD method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модели для панельных данных</kwd><kwd>спецификационные тесты</kwd><kwd>модель с фиксированными эффектами</kwd><kwd>не изменяющиеся во времени переменные</kwd><kwd>декомпозиция вектора фиксированных эффектов</kwd><kwd>метод Плумпера–Трегера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>panel data models</kwd><kwd>specification tests</kwd><kwd>fixed effects model</kwd><kwd>time-invariant variables</kwd><kwd>fixed-effects vector decomposition</kwd><kwd>Plümper and Troeger method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абакумова Ю. Г., Павловская С. В. (2010). Матричное моделирование двусторонних торговых отношений стран // Векторы внешнеэкономической деятельности / ред. совет: В. М. Руденков и др. 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