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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecr-journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономическая наука современной России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economics of Contemporary Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-1442</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8996</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33293/1609-1442-2024-4(107)-128-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MIUAXD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecr-journal-1039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция теорий международной торговли в XX–XXI вв.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The evolution of international trade theories in the 20th–21st centuries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5357-598X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козырев</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozyrev</surname><given-names>Aleksei S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, Институт стран Азии и Африки; консультант экономического отдела Торгового представительства Российской Федерации в Исламской Республике Иран</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozyrevmail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козырев А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козырев А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozyrev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1039">https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1039</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается развитие теорий международной торговли в XX–XXI вв., начиная с классических и неоклассических теорий и заканчивая новыми подходами, которые учитывают современные реалии глобальной экономики. Основное внимание уделяется эволюции теорий, начиная с работ шведских экономистов Э. Хекшера и Б. Олина, которые заложили основы теории соотношения факторов производства. Развитие теории международной торговли продолжилось благодаря исследованиям В. Столпера и П. Самуэльсона. В своей теореме, известной как теорема Столпера – ​Самуэльсона, они выявили взаимосвязь между ценами на факторы производства и спросом на товары в условиях свободной торговли. Рассматриваются подходы к международной торговле, которые были разработаны такими учеными, как Б. Балашша, Г. Грубель, К. Ланкастер и Е. Хелпман. Уделено внимание новой теории международной торговли, развивавшейся в конце XX – ​начале XXI в. и в значительной степени связанной с работами П. Кругмана. В отличие от классических и неоклассических теорий, новая теория основывается на предпосылке о монополистической конкуренции и учитывает предпоч­тения экономических агентов и эффект масштаба. Модель Кругмана предполагает наличие монополистической конкуренции, где на рынках присутствует большое количество дифференцированных товаров, а фирмы не обладают рыночной властью. Статья демонстрирует, как теории международной торговли эволюционировали от классических моделей, основанных на сравнительных преимуществах и факторной обеспеченности, к более сложным и реалистичным моделям, учитывающим несовершенную конкуренцию и другие современные экономические реалии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the development of international trade theories in the 20th and 21st centuries, starting from classical and neoclassical theories and culminating in new approaches that take into account the contemporary realities of the global economy. The primary focus is on the evolution of theories, beginning with the works of Swedish economists E. Heckscher and B. Ohlin, who laid the foundation for the factor proportions theory. The further development of international trade theory is associated with the works of W. Stolper and P. Samuelson, who, in their Stolper–Samuelson theorem, established a connection between factor prices and the demand for goods under free trade. The article also examines approaches to international trade developed by such scholars as B. Balassa, H. Grubel, C. Lancaster, and E. Helpman. This article also explores the modern theory of international trade that was developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, closely linked to the contributions of P. Krugman. Unlike classical and neoclassical models, this new theory is based on the idea of monopolistic competition and takes into account both the preferences of economic agents and the effects of economies of scale. Krugman’s framework suggests the existence of monopolistic competition, characterized by markets with a wide variety of differentiated products, where firms lack significant market power. The article explains the progression of international trade theories, moving from classical models focused on comparative advantages and factor endowments to more advanced and realistic models that consider imperfect competition and other contemporary economic realities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международная торговля</kwd><kwd>классические теории</kwd><kwd>неоклассические теории</kwd><kwd>теория факторов производства</kwd><kwd>теорема Столпера–Самуэльсона</kwd><kwd>монополистическая конкуренция</kwd><kwd>эффект масштаба</kwd><kwd>дифференцированные товары</kwd><kwd>сравнительные преимущества</kwd><kwd>несовершенная конкуренция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international trade</kwd><kwd>classical theories</kwd><kwd>neoclassical theories</kwd><kwd>factor endowment theory</kwd><kwd>Stolper–Samuelson theorem</kwd><kwd>monopolistic competition</kwd><kwd>economies of scale</kwd><kwd>differentiated products</kwd><kwd>comparative advantages</kwd><kwd>imperfect competition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галкина И. 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