ecr-journalЭкономическая наука современной РоссииEconomics of Contemporary Russia1609-14422618-8996Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.33293/1609-1442-2025-28(1)-99-111WXYGVOecr-journal-1032Research ArticleИСТОРИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИHISTORY OF ECONOMICSЭнергоэффективность в историческом аспекте: понятие, оценка, концепцииHistorical evolution of energy efficiency: definition, evaluation, and conceptshttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4066-3579КорниловаАнна ЮрьевнаKornilovaAnna Yu.

эксперт

expert

pgmcjd@yandex.ruMeterstartup.ru, МоскваРоссияMeterstartup.ru, MoscowRussian Federation20253004202528199111Copyright © Корнилова А.Ю., 20252025Корнилова А.Ю.Kornilova A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ecr-journal.ru/jour/article/view/1032

В статье анализируется понятие, оценка и причины возникновения теоретических идей в области энергоэффективности в историческом аспекте. Высокая общественная значимость энергетических ресурсов и кризисные явления на рынке углеводородов в XX в. явились причиной возникновения и дальнейшего развития концепции энергобезопасности в политике стран-­импортеров нефти, которая впоследствии трансформировалась в долгосрочную государственную политику повышения энергоэффективности. Эволюция инструментария оценки эффективности свидетельствует о том, что он становится, по сути, накопительным итогом, отражающим результативность мер государственной политики в области диверсификации источников поставок энергии и перехода к зеленой экономике. Причины использования идеи энергоэффективности в экономике странами-­импортерами запада объяснены с позиций ресурсной теории системной организации экономики. Несмотря на процессы глобализации и либерализации, действующие в мире, экономики западных стран ориентированы на формирование концентрации энергоресурсов в одной стране, а их целью является завоевание экономического лидерства в располагаемых ресурсах. Сформулированы определения энергосбережения и энергоэффективности. Энергосбережение – ​процесс, который позволяет справиться с еще не возникшей потерей энергии. Энергоэффективность характеризует такое состояние экономической системы, которое позволяет уменьшить еще не возникшую потерю энергии в экономической деятельности с целью достижения заданного социально-­экономического результата в условиях ограничений. Такими ограничениями могут быть доступность источников энергии, энергетическая безопасность, климатические условия и др.

The article analyzes the concept, evaluation and reasons for emerging theoretical ideas in energy efficiency in the historical aspect. High importance for society of energy resources and crisis phenomena in the hydrocarbon market in the 20th century were the reasons for emerging and further developing of the concept of energy security in the policy of oil-importing countries which was subsequently transformed into a long-term government policy of energy efficiency improvement. The evolution of the efficiency valuation tool indicates that it becomes an accumulative outcome reflecting the effectiveness of public policy measures in the area of diversification of energy supply sources and transition to a green economy. The reasons for speculating on the idea of energy efficiency by Western importing countries are explained from the perspective of the resource theory of system organization of economy. Despite the processes of globalization and liberalization existing in the world, the economies of Western countries are focused on the formation of «concentration of energy resources in one country», and their goal is to gain economic leadership in disposable resources. Definitions of energy conservation and energy efficiency were formulated. Energy conservation is the process of managing energy loss that has not yet occurred. Energy efficiency characterizes such a state of the economic system that allows reducing not yet arisen energy loss in a certain economic activity in order to achieve a given socio-­economic result under constraints. Such constraints can be availability of energy sources, energy security, climatic conditions etc.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.